Image Credit: American Psychological Association. (2019). APA Style 7th ed. Quick Reference Guide. Copyright American Psychological Association 2019. Image used with permission.
List all authors up to and including 20 authors.
Clarke, N., D'Amato, A., Higgs, M., & Ramesh, V. (2018). Responsible leadership in projects: Insights into ethical decision making. Project Management Institute.
List each author's last name first followed by a comma. Then, add the initials for the first and middle names (if there is one). Add a period after each initial. Separate each author with a comma. Insert an ampersand (&) before the last author.
For one or two authors, list all authors in the reference. For three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. This includes the first time the source is used in the paper.
(Clarke et al., 2018)
Clarke et al. (2018) found ......
List the first 19 authors' names, then insert an ellipse, and then add the last author's name.
Gilbert, J. R., Smith, J. D., Johnson, R. S., Anderson, A., Plath, S., Martin, G., Sorenson, K., Jones, R., Adams, T., Rothbaum, Z., Esty, K., Gibbs, M., Taultson, B., Christner, G, Paulson, L., Tolo, K., Jacobson, W. L., Robinson, R. A., Maurer, O., . . . White, N. (2014). Choosing a title (2nd ed.). Unnamed Publishing.
(Gilbert et al., 2014)
Gilbert et al. (2014) ...
For more information about author format, see Section 9.8 on page 286 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Smith, S. F., Duell, D. J., Martin, B. C. Aebersold, M. L., & Gonzalez, L. (2016). Clinical nursing skills: Basic to advanced skills (9th ed.). Pearson.
Place the edition number in parentheses after the book title. Follow by "ed." and a period outside the parentheses. There is no period after the book title.
For more information about editions or volumes, see Section. 9.28 on page 295 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Group authors include the name of a study group, government agency, association, corporation, task force, hospital, organization, etc. Put the name of the group author in the author position followed by a period. Do not include an abbreviation for the group author within the reference. Abbreviations should only be introduced and used within the body of the paper.
(American Psychological Association, 2019)
American Psychological Association (2019) ....
For more information about group authors, see Section 9.11 on pages 288-289 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
How to launch your career in project management: Project management can be a rewarding and challenging career, but where do you start? (2018, February 27). Management Today. https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/launch-career-project-management/your-career/article/1458219
When there is no author move the article title to the author spot. Do not italicize title and end with a period. Follow the title with the publication date in parentheses. Then, complete the rest of the reference as directed by source type.
("How to Launch," 2018)
When there is no author, look at the reference, first. Then, use the title (or whatever is in the author spot) in the citation within the body of the paper. If the title is italicized (as with a book or video) keep the italics in the citation. If the title is not italicized (as with a book chapter or article) put quotation marks around the title. Additionally, be sure to capitalize all major words in the title within the citation. Finally, if the title is overly long, shorten the title. NOTE: Notice in the parenthetical citation example that the comma is inside the quotation marks followed by the date.
For more information about creating references for sources without authors, see Section 9.12 on page 289 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. For more information about creating parenthetical and narrative citations for sources with no authors, see Section 8.14 on pages 264-265 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Identifying the format, platform, or device (e.g., ebook, Kindle book, etc.) of an authored ebook is no longer needed. An authored ebook from an academic collection should be treated as an authored print book with the reference ending with the publisher. For an authored print book or ebook with a DOI, see Authored Print Book with a DOI.
For more information about citing books, see Section 10.2 on page 321-325 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Talty, S. (2009). The illustrious dead: The terrifying story of how typhus killed Napoleon's greatest army. Crown Publishers.
Begin the reference with the author's last name first. Then, use the initials of the author's first and middle names (if provided). Add a period after each initial. If a middle initial is provided, add a space between the author's initials.
Next, add the date the book was published. In parentheses, list the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title verso page (back side of the title page). Add a period after the parentheses.
Next, add the title and subtitle of the book. The title and subtitle are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as all proper nouns. Italicize the title and subtitle, and add a period after the full title.
Complete the reference with the name of the publisher. Put the publisher's name exactly as shown on the title page. Be sure to retain the spelling and capitalization as it appears on the title page. End the citation with a period. NOTE: Do not include designations of business structure (e.g., Inc., Ltd., LLC, etc.).
For more information about book references, see page 321 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. For author format, title format, or source (publication) information, see pages 285-289, pages 291-293, and pages 293-301 respectively in the APA Manual, 7th edition.
(Tally, 2009)
Tally (2009) found .......
For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Identifying the format, platform, or device (e.g., ebook, Kindle book, etc.) of an edited ebook is no longer needed. An edited ebook from an academic collection should be treated as an edited print book with the reference ending with the publisher. For an edited print book or edited ebook with a DOI, see Edited Book with a DOI.
For more information about citing books, see Section 10.2 on page 321-325 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Begin the reference with the name of the editors. Do not change the order of the editors. Begin with the last names of the editors followed by the first initial. After the first initial, add a period followed by a space. Then, add the middle initial (if there is one listed) followed by a period. Add a comma after the period following the middle initial of each editor (up to but not including the last editor). Then, add an ampersand (&) before the last editor. Add the abbreviation for editors in parentheses (Eds.). Be sure to add a period inside the parentheses and after the parentheses.
Next, add the date the book was published. In parentheses, list the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title page verso (backside of the title page). Follow the parentheses with a period.
Next, add the title and subtitle of the book. The title and subtitle are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as all proper nouns. Italicize the title and subtitle, and add a period after the full title.
Complete the reference with the name of the publisher. Put the publisher's name exactly as shown on the title page. Be sure to retain the spelling and capitalization. End the reference with a period. NOTE: Do not include designations of business structure (e.g., Inc., Ltd., LLC, etc.).
For more information about edited book references, see page 322 of the APA Manual, 7th ed. For author format, title format, or source (publication) information, see pages 285-289, pages 291-293, and pages 293-301 respectively in the APA Manual, 7th ed.
(Golisz et al., 2015)
Golisz et al. (2015) overlooked .....
If a source has 3 or more authors (or editors), list the first author (or editor) followed be et al. Follow this format even when using the source the first time in the document. For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Identifying the format, platform, or device (e.g., ebook, Kindle book, etc.) of an authored ebook is no longer needed. An authored ebook from an academic collection should be treated as an authored print book. For a print authored book or ebook without a DOI, see Authored Book without a DOI.
For more information about citing books, see Section 10.2 on page 321-325 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Green, C. (2019). Incivility among nursing professionals in clinical and academic environments: Emerging research and opportunities.
IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7341-8
To create a reference for an authored book with a DOI, follow the example of an authored book without a DOI. At the end of the reference, after the publisher, add the DOI using the current DOI URL format. The current standard for the DOI begins with "https://doi.org/". Do not add a period after the DOI.
For more information about book references with a DOI, see page 321 and page 322 of the APA Manual, 7th ed. For additional source (publication) information, see pages 293-301 in the APA Manual, 7th edition.
(Green, 2019)
Green (2019) shared .....
For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Identifying the format, platform, or device (e.g., ebook, Kindle book, etc.) of an edited ebook is no longer needed. An edited ebook from an academic collection should be treated as an edited print book. For an edited print book or edited ebook without a DOI, see Edited Book without a DOI.
For more information about citing books, see Section 10.2 on page 321-325 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.
Gibb, R., & Kolb, B. (Eds.). (2018). The neurology of brain and behavioral development. Academic Press.
To create a reference for an edited book with a DOI, follow the example for an edited book without a DOI. At the end of the reference, after the publisher, add the DOI using the current DOI URL format. The current standard for the DOI begins with "https://doi.org/". Do not add a period after the DOI.
For more information about book references with a DOI, see page 321 and page 322 of the APA Manual, 7th ed. For additional source (publication) information, see pages 293-301 in the APA Manual, 7th edition.
(Gibb & Kolb, 2018)
Gibb and Kolb (2018) argued .....
For more information about author format within parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.