James Franklin Lewis was both a scientist and a poet. He was a physical science and chemistry professor from 1930 until his death in 1945 spending most of his tenure at The College of St. Scholastica from 1930-1937.
He was also a prolific writer amassing a body of work that includes 2,066 poems, 4 novels, 3 plays, 10 book reviews, 3,444 notecareds of word studies and notes for writing, and many letters. Of this work, he published 4 books, 184 poems in 62 different publications, 10 book reviews, and 1 chemistry article.
All his papers were donated by his family to The College of St. Scholastica, who finished curating this collection in April of 2012.
His eldest son, Frank Taylor Lewis, has completed a biography entitled, The Life of James Franklin Lewis: Poet, Philosopher, Scientist A Personal View with Family History available at The College of St. Scholastica's Library.
James Franklin Lewis was born on March 14, 1903 in DeSoto, Iowa. His father, James Henry Lewis, was an Englishman and Methodist minister, and his mother, Lillian (St. John) Lewis, was a schoolteacher. James H. Lewis moved his family all over the Midwest, spending just a year at a time in each town due to his inability to get along with his parishioners (Personal Correspondence, Henry Harrison, May 8, 1936, para. 6). Lewis’ father left when he was eight years old, an experience that “had a profound effect on [his] life” (Autobiography). Lillian moved her sons (Ralph Lewis born on January 13, 1905) (Frank Taylor Lewis) to Albany, Indiana near her family.
Lewis attended DePauw University in 1921 and graduated with a degree in Chemistry in 1925. That same year he entered Ohio State University and attained his Ph.D. in 1930.
Lewis’ professional life reflected his own internal restlessness. He held teaching positions at:
While teaching at The College of St. Scholastica in Duluth, Minnesota, Lewis met Janet Taylor, an aspiring Home Economics major. They married on June 16, 1937 with a quiet ceremony. They relocated to Alton, Illinois soon after, but would live in various places in the Midwest. After 1937, Lewis embarked on a quest for fulfillment; he strived to find an institution whose mission harmonized with his personal beliefs.
In his lifetime, Lewis wrote 2,066 poems, four novels, three plays, as well as hundreds of notes and letters. His persistence in being published was often met with rejection, but Lewis was relentless; “It may take ten years, twenty years, to get an audience, but I am going to be heard” (Publication Correspondence, David Gould, Feb. 4, 1938, para. 5).
Lewis’ first son, Frank Taylor Lewis was born in 1940, his daughter Barbara in 1942, and his youngest son David in 1945. Lewis died of a heart attack on October 26, 1945, only six days after David’s birth. Janet was still in the hospital recovering. The University News, the newspaper for the University of Kansas City, reported Lewis’ passing on October 31 and honored the memory of his illustrious life. Lewis was well-liked at the college and the author writes, “Lewis’ quick and charming smile, his subtle wit, and pleasing personality were familiar with everyone on campus” (The University News, Vol. 13, No. 7, Oct. 31, 1945).
Poverty drove Lewis to begin working at age 14. He did numerous odd jobs on farms, at a machine shop, a grocery store, cement gang, and he delivered newspapers every morning for five years. To put himself through college at DePauw University, he worked as a piano salesman for a brief time and then became a laboratory assistant. He graduated in 1925 with a degree in chemistry.
While working towards his Ph.D. at Ohio State University, Lewis was commissioned to work on a research fellowship for Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical company based in Indiana (1929-1930). He was contracted for one year and was paid $2500. The project was abandoned by Lewis due to “ill health and general dissatisfaction….effect to be taken January 1, 1930 (Personal Correspondence to Dean R. B. Moore, Dec. 5, 1929, para. 1).
Lewis taught part-time at Bluffton College in Bluffton, Ohio from 1928-1929 while in graduate school. He received his Ph.D. in March 1930 and began to substitute at State Teachers’ College in La Crosse, Wisconsin.
He secured a position at The College of St. Scholastica in the fall of 1930. Though he was grateful for the work and opportunity to teach, he continued to send out applications to larger institutions, fearing that a small college atmosphere would trap him in a rut. After several years in this position however, he admitted that he had grown to like the college and the Duluth area. He explained in a letter to Dr. M. Cannon Sneed, fellow chemistry professor at the University of Minnesota: “The Administration has at last discovered that I am not a religious man; and, on account of this, my tenure is hazardous…. The Dean grew hoarse trying to convince frightened mothers that I am harmless….ladies will continue to sigh that an atheist is teaching in a religious school.” Despite this discontent, he goes on to write, “I have never at any time been more comfortable in my surroundings, and I never dreamed that work could be so pleasant as I have found it here…. My job here of building up the department is, as I say, still unfinished. But although the work is not done, perhaps never will be, still I feel that I have myself little more the gain. Soon I would be in a rut; and I am far too active for that” (Letter to Dr. M. Cannon Sneed, March 3, 1934, pgs 1-3, 6).
Following his resignation at The College of St. Scholastica, Lewis wed Janet Taylor, one of his former students, on June 16, 1937. Only a few days later, the couple moved to Evanston, Illinois where Janet enrolled in summer courses at Northwestern University (Personal Correspondence to Pres. Edward H. Todd, June 23, 1937, para. 1). Lewis was offered a position at Shurtleff College via telegram on August 19, 1937 (cite telegram). He accepted the following day. They relocated to Alton, Illinois where Lewis began teaching on September 8 (Professional Correspondence, Margaret Kohlhepp, Secretary to the President, Aug. 31, 1937, para. 1)
Only a few months into his employment at Shurtleff, Lewis began his search anew, finding the religious atmosphere too stifling: “…a black cloud is gathering which may break loose [and] drown me any minute” (Professional Correspondence R. F. Fletcher, January 8, 1938, para. 2).
When his contract with Shurtleff terminated in June, Lewis began searching again. He sent dozens of applications to colleges and was met with rejection. In August he attained an industrial position in Chicago, Illinois and the Lewis family relocated once again.
In January of 1939, Lewis secured a teaching position in Chemistry at Arkansas College in Batesville, Arkansas (Professional Correspondence, College & Specialist Bureau, January 28, 1939, para. 1). He taught at Arkansas College for two years, non-consecutively. Of the experience, he said:
“It is true that a first enthusiasm often wears down a little on the stone of reality, but in this case it has not. Whether due to the South, to Arkansas, to Batesville, or simply to the atmosphere of Arkansas College, my life and work here continue to be remarkably pleasant” (Professional Correspondence, President Wily Lin Hurie, June 23, 1939, para. 2).
After his second term at Arkansas College, Lewis spent the remainder of his career at the University of Kansas City. He died suddenly in his chemistry lab of a heart attack on October 26, 1945.
Lewis began writing verses at age 12, earning him the title “Class Poet” in school (Autobiography). His writing went on a brief hiatus after a college composition teacher advised him to quit, stating that he had “too big a vocabulary and no imagination” (Autobiography). Five years later, in graduate school, Lewis picked up the pen again and rediscovered his life’s passion. He dedicated enormous amounts of time and effort to the study and writing of poetry, and in the nineteen years since then he had written 2,066 poems, four novels, three plays, ten book reviews, and hundreds of letters.
As early as 1928, Lewis sought out publishers, eager to have his prose read. His attempts were met with countless rejection letters, but William Alexander Percy of the Yale University Press advised Lewis to “pay no attention to what any critic says and to hammer ahead at your own ideals uninfluenced by praise or blame” (Publication Correspondence, William Alexander Percy, Jan 25, 1929, para. 2).
Lewis’ first writing enterprises, Wonder, a novel, and Love’s Crucible, a book of poetry, were met with either harsh criticism or complete disregard. Undeterred, Lewis continued to submit his work either directly to publishers or as entries in novel contests. Lewis’ lengthy and unfinished novel, Strange Species, is an expanded re-working of Wonder. It chronicles the journey of Case Portier as he navigates through heartache, disillusion, and the despair that accompanies leaving childhood and entering adulthood. Lewis dedicated the novel “To those college students, who in the honest quest for truth, have come to regard life too seriously.”
His hard work paid off in 1936 when publisher Henry Harrison expressed interest in Lewis’ book of poetry, Days of Pity. After several months of revisions and sometimes tense letter exchanges, the book was released in September of 1936. When Harrison asked what inspired Lewis to write the volume, he replied, “I think the inspiration comes from being impelled to write poetry….but the actual writing of it is a matter of sheer hard work, the practice of a well-learned technique” (Publication Correspondence, Henry Harrison, May 8, 1936, para. 16).
Commercially, the book did not do well; only 30 copies were sold in seven months, earning Lewis $21 (Invoice from Henry Harrison, Mar. 25, 1937). Both Harrison and Lewis were remained resolute and began negotiating a companion volume. After the release ofDays of Pity, Harrison said to Lewis, “I can’t make money on you, but it gives me a kick to know that I’m putting over a poet who is worthy of recognition” (Publication Correspondence, Henry Harrison, Nov. 29, 1936, para. 2).
Lewis chose to publish the second volume, Freedom in Bondage, a volume of 158 Spenserian sonnets, with Avon House Publishers, ultimately because they allowed him more creative freedom on matters Lewis and Harrison fought bitterly over, such as punctuation (Publication Correspondence, David Gould, Apr. 17, 1937, para. 2). Lewis believed that this work “continue[d] the tradition of… blending social and sometimes abstract thought with deeply personal feeling” (Publication Correspondence, David Gould, Aug 28, 1937 para. 3). He was so frustrated with the slow pace of reviewers that he lamented to his publisher, David Gould, “Perhaps a street brawl with my namesake Sinclair Lewis would attract some notice” (Publication Correspondence, David Gould, Nov. 26, 1937, para. 8).
Lewis’s work attracted the attention of poetry review and publisher, Alan Swallow. The two collaborated on a book of poetry entitled, Score for This Watch, which Swallow published independently in 1941 (Publication Correspondence, Alan Swallow, June 4, 1941). Beyond the Page was Lewis’ and Swallow’s second publishing endeavor. It was a small publication of sixteen poems dedicated to Lewis’ brother, Ralph. Lewis contributedBeyond the Page to the compilation Three Young Poets, where he was published alongside Thomas McGrath and William Peterson. Swallow was incredibly supportive of Lewis and often recommended his pieces to literary magazines.
Trying his hand at editing, Lewis joined up with fellow poet, Scott Greer, and the two formed a literary magazine (?) called Crescendo which ran for several issues. It featured Lewis’ and Greer’s work as well as the work of relatively unknown poets.
In 1943, Lewis was offered a position in the Chemistry Department at the University of Kansas City in Kansas City, Missouri. President Decker asked Lewis to become an associate editor of the college’s literary journal, The University of Kansas City Review, which Lewis accepted. He remained an editor at the journal until his health began to decline in 1945 (Autobiography).
Complete List of Published Works by James Franklin Lewis
Philosopher. (1927 December). DePauw Magazine,9(2), 26.
Whatnot. (1928 October). DePauw Magazine, 10(1), 33.
Nuclear Synthesis of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, A. I. Alpha-Olefins. (1930). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 52(8), 3396-3404.
Days of Pity. (1936). New York: NY, Henry Harrison, Publisher.
Freedom in Bondage. (1937). Avon House Publishers.
Lovers of Beauty. (1938). Schilplin Anthology.
Score for This Watch. (1941). Alan Swallow, Publisher.
From the Pond Cure. (1941). Iconograph. No. 4.
Rainaday Matins. (1941). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 11, 219.
To Gerard Manley Hopkins. (1941 April). Modern Verse, 1(2), 11.
Mob-Magic. (7 December 1941). Providence Sunday Journal, Section VI, 2.
Ancestral Home. (1941 Fall). Rocky Mountain Review.
Vested Dieties. (1941 Fall). Rocky Mountain Review, 6(1). 10.
Four Poems: Excavators, Midair Metabolism, Lyric of Cool Hollows, Poem on Flies. (1941 July). Modern Verse, 1(3), 3-10.
In the Wooly Dust. (1941 November). Crescendo, 1(2), 1.
Score for This Watch. (1941 September). Crescendo, 1(1), 14.
Dawn-Sheets. (1941 Spring). Crescendo, 16-17.
Colfax. (1941 Summer). Bard, 8(2), 14-15.
Beyond the Page in Three Young Poets. (1942). Alan Swallow, Publisher.
Dawn in the Study. (1942). Three Young Poets.
Dawn in the Study. (1942). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12, 212.
The Death of Beethoven. (1942). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12, 212.
Excavators. (1942). American Writing.
Map-Reading. (1942 August). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12(3), 336.
Prohibition. (1942 August). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12(3), 337.
Saw-Teeth. (1942 August). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12(3), 336.
Autumn Statics. (1942 Autumn). Crescendo, 2(1), 17.
Let the People Gather. (1942 Autumn). Poetry Palisade, 1(3), 49.
Setting for My Son. (1942 Autumn). University of Kansas City Review, 9(1), 27.
Patience. (1942 December). Tanager, 18(2), 6.
Holiday. (1942 February). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 12(1), 81.
Little Sermon. (1942 January). Crescendo, 1(3), 1.
Creative Chaos. (1942 March). Iconograph, No. 5, 1.
The Death of Ishmael. (1942 March). Whispers, 2(4), 4.
Fertile Dust. (1942 Spring). Hawk Whippoorwill, 42.
Restraint or Constraint? (1942 Summer). Crescendo, 1(5), 2-3.
Ballad of Burnt Acres. (1942 Winter). Rocky Mountain Review, 6(2), 7.
ByProducts. (1942 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 9(2), 104.
Clarity. (1942 Winter). Palisade, 1(4), 67.
Competition. (26 December 1942). Outcry.
Dawn in the Study. (1943). American Writing.
Substratum. (1943). Fantasy, No. 27, 27.
Foreign Office. (1943 Winter). Rocky Mountain Review, 9.
To Edmund Spenser, Esq. (1943 Winter). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 13(4), 480.
Before the Great Fire: Easter Poem, History Since, The Ascending Wave, The Taste of Home; four Poems from The Sterile Dust. (1943 Winter/Spring). Crescendo, 2(3 and 4), 16-18.
Song-Rattles. (1943 Spring). University of Kansas City Review, 9(3), 206.
Adolescence. (1943 Summer). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 13(2), 206-207.
The Geographic Hand. (1943 Summer). University of Kansas City Review, 9(4), 259.
Through the Ruins. (1943 Summer). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 13(2), 206.
To Edmund Spenser, Esq. (1943 Summer). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 13(2), 480.
Song. (1943 June/July). Span, 2(1), 11.
Once In a Blue Room. (1943 Autumn). University of Kansas City Review, 10(1), 60.
Piety. (1943 Autumn). Palisade, 2(3), 57.
The Seekers. (1943 Autumn). University of Kansas City Review, 10(1), 60.
Freight Train. (1943 Fall). Prairie Schooner, 17(3), 164-165.
Tensile Strength. (1943 Fall). Matrix: A Magazine of Creative Writing, No. 1, 78.
Once in a Blue Room. (1944). American Writing.
Sonnets XIV, XVIII, and XX; from The Fertile Dust. (1944 February). Tanager, 19(3), 8-9.
The Ferris Wheel. (1944 Spring). Matrix: A Magazine of Creative Writing, No. 2, 81-83.
White Reach (To John Gould Fletcher). (1944 Spring). University of Kansas City Review, 10(3), 207.
Embroidery. (1944 March). American Poet, 3(12), 5-6.
F.O.B. Milwaukee. (1944 March). American Poet, 3(12), 5-6.
There and Nowhere. (1944 July). Experiment, 1(2), 29-30.
Endowment. (1944 Summer). Talaria, 9(2), 16.
At the Hidden Root. (1944 Autumn). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 14(3), 352-354.
Chateau en Espagne. (1944 Autumn). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 14(3), 352-354.
Necessity: Of the Fertile Salvation; Review of "Delay is the Song" by Rosamond Haas. (1944 Autumn).Crescendo, 3, 25+.
Reality: The Temporary Truth of Us. (1944 Autumn). University of Kansas City Review, 11(1), 68-69.
John Wheelwright, Pre-Romantic. (1944 Fall). Interim, 1(2), 25-30.
El Apocalipsis de la Harmonia [The Apocalypse of Harmony]. (1944 Otono [Fall]). Reuca, 3(12), 3-9.
Hymn to Home. (1945). Interim, 1(4). 20-22.
The Annual Poem. (1945). Interim, 1(4). 22-25.
Ascent of Storm King Mountain. (1945). Interim, 1(4). 25-26.
The Country Is the Land. (1945). Mid-Country: Writings from the Heart of America, 407.
Doing the Swing. (1945). Poetry - The Australian International Quarterly of Verse, No. 17, 15+.
The Ninety and Nine. (1945). Poetry - The Australian International Quarterly of Verse, No. 17, 15+.
Of International Atom. (1945 January). Experiment, 1(4), 66-67.
A Buttercup for Easter. (1945 February). Tanager, 20(3), 8.
Arbor Umbrageous. (1945 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 12(2), 138.
Unreal Estate. (1945 Winter). Prairie Schooner, 19(4), 317.
The Phase Rule. (1945 Spring). University of Kansas City Review, 11(3), 188.
Magnetic Charter. (1945 April). Raven Anthology, No. 64, 2-3.
To a Pregnant Woman on a Streetcar. (1945 May). Matrix, No. 4, 79.
Aubade. (1945 July). Raven Anthology, No. 65, 3.
Visit to Memory: An Allegory. (1945 Summer). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 15(2), 204-207.
Fertility Rites. (1945 Autumn). University of Kansas City Review, 12(1), 38.
Serpent City. (1945 Fall). Experiment, 2(3), 68-69.
Relationship. (1945-46 Winter). Experiment, 2(4), 94.
Dawn in the Study. (1946). Experiment.
To the Healthy Hills; Review of "As Iron Hills" by Flexmore Hudson. (1946). Interim, 2(3 and 4), 63.
A Dish of Aloes. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 171.
Existence: Of the Name Quills. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2).
Frightened Fires. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 155-173.
Hanging Fire. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 169-170.
Into a Fair Country. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 172-173.
Stepholds of the Mind I - XIV. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 155-173.
Surface Tension. (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 170.
That Which Remains (to Janet). (1946 Winter). University of Kansas City Review, 13(2), 171.
Practical Avenues. (1946 Spring). University of Kansas City Review, 12(3), 229.
Practical Avenues. (1946 Spring). Matrix. 55.
James Franklin Lewis Memorial Issue. (1946-47 Winter). Experiment, 2(7), 137-152.
Dawn in the Study. (1959 November). Explicator, 18(2).
The Cureless Cure; from Pledge of Symphony. (1960). Arbor, 3, 56-57.
In Memorium. (1960 January). Explicator, 18(4), 4.
Holiday. (1960 Spring). Blue Guitar (Pacific Explicator), 1(3), 14.
Primitivism. (1960 July/August). Trace, 38, 4.
Unreal Estate. (1960 July/August). Trace, 38, 5.
Autumn Statics. (1960 July-August). Trace, 38, 1.
A Problem of Personality. (1960-61 Winter). Impetus, No. 5, 34.
My Own Horn from School for Regret. (1961). Wormwood Review, 1(4), 6.
From Pledge of Sympathy Transition to Opus One. (1961 January-March). Trace, 40, 33-36.
Fertile Dust. (1961 April). Tangets, No. 5, 13-20.
The Offlift, Purl Two, The Scholar, Footnote to Obit, Sonnet 161, Sonnet 162, Sonnet 165, Hot Spots, Strange Epitaph. (1961 April). Tangets, No. 5, 13-20.
The Biology of Physics. (1961 November). Four Quarters, 40.
The Apocalypse of Harmony. (1961 Summer). The Carolina Quarterly, 11-16.
Pegasus in Harness. (1962). Sciamachy, No. 4, 4-5.
Fertile Dust. (1962). Sciamachy, No. 4, 6.
Natal Day; from Goat's Milk and Mirrors and Competition; from the Sterile Dust. (1962). Outcry, No. 1, 1+.
Filler of Holes. (1962 Winter). Southern Review, 40.
Sonnet 159 from The Fertile Dust. (1962 Spring). Hawk & Whippoorwill, 3(1), 42.
Astrology. (1962 Spring). Snowy Egret, 14.
Absolutes. (1962 Summer). Shenandoah, 8(4), 26.
Mathematics. (1962 Summer). Shenandoah, 8(4), 26.
On Fleeting States of Mind and Morality, both from Pieces of Earth. (1962 September). Signet.
School for Regret. (1962 September) Signet, 4(9), 8.
Dilemma at War; from The Fertile Dust. (1963). Sciamachy, No. 5, 6-7.
Sonnet; from The Fertile Dust. (1963). Recall, 3(1), 39.
Lava Flow. (1963 Autumn). Snowy Egret, 27(2), 9.
Sonnet 83; from The Fertile Dust. (1963 May-August). Green World, 1(2), 26.
The Search; from Pledge of Symphony. (1972 Summer). Arizona Quarterly, 28(2), 150.
Acres of Dew. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Alcaics. (n. d.). Schilplin Anthology.
Always Pioneers. (n. d.). Avon House Anthology.
The Annual Poem. (n. d.). Experiment.
Armistice, June, 1940. (n. d.). Country Bard.
The Ascending Wave. (n. d.). Crescendo.
At the Crossing. (n. d.). Flatbush Magazine.
Before the Great Fire: Easter Poem. (n. d.). Crescendo.
Bird Mechanics. (n. d.). Country Bard.
The Center of the Year. (n. d.). The Raven Anthology.
The Center of the Year. (n. d.). New Mexico Quarterly Review, 1.
The Child's Midnight. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Creative Thought. (n. d.). The Outsider.
Danse Macabre. (n. d.). Rocky Mountain Review.
Dawn in the Study. (n. d.). The Boulder.
Dawn in the Study. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
The Death of Beethoven. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Excavators. (n. d.). Modern Verse.
Fertile Dust. (n. d.). Breakthrough.
Fertile Dust. (n. d.). Parnassus.
The Final Rights. (n. d.). Accent.
Four Poems - From the Pont-Cure, Invitation to Peace, Invertebrate Lament, and Snarled Nightbrush. (n. d.). Iconograph, No. 4, 2-4.
The Great Mudhole. (n. d.). The Boulder.
Great Walt. (n. d.). MS, No. 10, 7.
I, Too Am the Folk. (n. d.). Batesville News Review.
In Darkest History. (n. d.). Iconograph.
In the Market Square. (n. d.). New Mexico Quarterly Review.
Invertebrate Lament. (n. d.) Iconograph, No. 4.
Invitation to Peace. (n. d.). Iconograph.
Letter to My Wife. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Little Sermon. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Lyric of Cool Hollows. (n. d.). Modern Verse.
Midair Metabolism. (n. d.). Modern Verse.
Millenialism. (n. d.). Crescendo.
Mob-Magic. (n. d.). New Verse.
Monumental Service. (n. d.). Palisade.
Nameless; Book Review of Book by Lew Williams. (n. d.). Crescendo, 2(2).
The Ninety and Nine. (n. d.). Experiment.
Of Hand and Eye. (n. d.). University of Kansas City Review.
Of Limbs Not Perished. (n. d.). Iconograph, No. 6, 10.
The Oracle. (n. d.). The Raven Anthology.
Our Relations Might Deteriorate. (n. d.). Country Bard.
The Parenthood of Rain. (n. d.). Lyric Poetry.
A Pastel. (n. d.). Poet Lore.
Pigs to Market. (n. d.). Experiment.
Poem on Flies. (n. d.). Modern Verse.
Poppy Song. (n. d.). Unnamed Anthology.
Primitivism. (n. d.). Experiment.
Rest Home. (n. d.). Experiment.
Reward. (n. d.). University of Kansas City Review.
Samples. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Snarled Nightbrush. (n. d.). Iconograph.
Sonnet; from The Fertile Dust Numbers 96 and 169. (n. d.). Wrong, No. 3, 14.
The Sphere. (n. d.). Iconograph, No. 8, 14.
Staunch Rivals. (n. d.). Experiment.
Staunch Rivals. (n. d.). Mid Country.
The Stepholds of the Mind. (n. d.). Crescendo.
Storm at Midnight. (n. d.). Crescendo.
A Summer Day. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
The Terms of Praise. (n. d.). The Prairie Schooner.
They Fought With Gallantry. (n. d.). University of Kansas City Review.
The Time-Congress. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
To a Mocking Bird. (n. d.). Batesville News Review.
To Be Dainty. (n. d.). DePauw Magazine.
To Gerard Manley Hopkins. (n. d.). American Writing.
To John Wheelwright, Pre-Romantic. (n. d.). Circle, 1(4), 53-55.
To the Unknown Sailor. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.
Volume, Mass, and Temperature. (n. d.). University of Kansas City Review.
Wind of Autumn. (n. d.). DePauw Magazine.
The Worth of a Penny. (n. d.). Beyond the Page.